What are the concept, functional scope and characteristics of port logistics? What is the difference with airport logistics?
Time:2021-05-19
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As the node of the global integrated transportation network, the port plays an increasingly important role in the development of modern logistics: the port realizes the function of a modern logistics center with compound advantages, the port has a strategic position of multiple identities in international logistics, and the port provides The logistics system provides value-added services. In order to meet the needs of economic globalization, modern ports need to continuously improve their logistics functions. Therefore, a modern port logistics function strategy is very necessary: in general, a port logistics center with a sound modern port logistics model should be established. Functions, accelerate the construction of logistics information, strengthen the concept of port logistics services, give full play to the advantages of third-party logistics, improve the management system while promoting coordinated development, and strengthen policy guidance.
Concept and functional scope of port logistics
1. The significance of proposals and research
Transportation is the main carrier of logistics. With the integration of the world economy, the connotation of logistics is gradually expanding. As a node of the global integrated transportation network, the functions of the port are also expanding. Ports are playing an increasingly important role in the development of modern logistics. From a historical point of view, the development of the world‘s ports has gone through three generations: shipping cargo handling center, cargo value-added service center and international logistics center. The modern port is not only a hub for land and sea transportation, but also a distribution center for international commodity storage and distribution, as well as an integration of logistics service centers, business centers, information service centers, and personnel service centers. The port logistics in the new era presents the following new characteristics: large logistics. Economic integration promotes the internationalization, large-scale and systematic development of port logistics. The port logistics industry has formed a highly integrated supply chain channel relationship through joint planning and operation. integral. Relying on the logistics park near the port to carry out integrated logistics services, provide the best logistics solutions for ports, marine transportation and other transportation processes, including hinterland transportation, customs declaration, inspection, packaging, inventory management, finance, insurance integration services; virtual link chain. Port logistics must be an efficient virtual supply chain based on the port logistics information platform. Each link of the supply chain can share resources and information, achieve the logistics service goal of optimizing the overall function, and rely on the virtual chain to form a global virtual port. These new features put forward new requirements for the traditional port logistics operation mode. In order to meet the needs of economic globalization, modern ports need to continuously improve their logistics functions. Therefore, it is of great significance to study strategies to improve the logistics functions of modern ports.
2. The functional status of ports in the development of modern logistics industry
The function of a modern port is mainly reflected in the establishment of a powerful modern logistics system based on the port’s transportation and transshipment functions, and then the development of warehousing, circulation, processing, transformation, packaging and other industries to drive the development of the entire port industrial belt. The modern logistics industry is one of the important pillar industries for the development of the port industry.
1. The port has modern advantages and realizes the function of a modern logistics center: International freight is developing sporadically from isolated practitioners to a modern logistics system to better meet the individual needs of different customers. Therefore, ports are required to play a more active role in the modern logistics system. Traditional port activities are only used for transshipment and product distribution functions. With the development of international multimodal transportation and the increase in the complexity of the integrated transportation chain, the port as the node of the global integrated transportation network will have a wider range of functions. Modern port functions continue to expand from ports to inland, providing customers with convenient transportation, commercial and financial services. Modern logistics is a comprehensive service system with transportation as the main link. As a node of the global integrated transportation network, port functions are also developing in the direction of providing various value-added services. The expansion of port functions is not only a requirement for the development of modern logistics, but also a manifestation of the role of ports in promoting the development of modern logistics. The development of modern logistics in the port has the following advantages:
(1) Modern Port is a leading integrated logistics supply chain. As a logistics distribution center, Hyundai Port is not only responsible for storage, classification, counting, distribution, inversion, distribution, loading, unloading, handling, processing and delivery, but also responsible for the intelligence work of the entire supply chain.
(2) Modern ports are a combination of production factors. Due to the advantages of port transportation, many important ports in the world have adopted the layout of "old ports, later factories". Many powerful enterprises also choose port cities as their development sites. The important ports in the world are basically important industrial bases. Modern ports have vigorously promoted the development of the regional economy and brought together good human, material and financial resources to become a regional and even international business center.
(3) The modern port is an important information center. For international trade, a port is a technological node in the international logistics chain, and a gathering point for ships, navigation, inland transportation, communications, economy and technology. The port is settled by shippers, freight forwarders, shipowners, transport agents, wholesale and retail of goods, packaging companies, land transportation companies, customs commodity inspection agencies, etc. Modern ports have evolved from pure transportation centers to logistics centers through distribution centers. With the development of international multimodal transportation and global integrated logistics services, modern ports, as nodes of the global transportation network, will develop towards a full range of value-added services, and become a distribution center for commodity, capital, and technology flows and information flows.
(4) Modern ports are gathering points in the integrated logistics supply chain. The port is a hub for water and land transportation, a collection and distribution center for water transportation, and the starting and ending point of ocean transportation. Integrated logistics not only forms the separation of maritime hub ports, but also forms an onshore and inland network system, with port terminals and inland logistics centers as distribution points, and multimodal transportation with multiple modes of transportation as transportation channels. Therefore, the port is also a gathering point for goods.
2. The multiple identities of ports in international logistics have a strategic position: According to the perspective of modern logistics, ports are in a very important strategic position in modern production, trade and transportation, mainly because:
(1) The port is a hub for water and land transportation, and also a distribution center for water transportation of goods, and the starting and ending point of ocean transportation. Whether it is container transportation or bulk transportation, ocean transportation always carries a large amount of cargo, so the port is always the gathering point for a large amount of cargo in the entire transportation chain.
(2) Ports are a combination of global production factors. The port is usually a logical place to combine the factors of production with the huge differences between the two countries in an advantageous way. The world’s major ports are essentially important industrial bases.
(3) In international trade, ports have always been a large and important node for collecting various transportation methods. The port area is settled by shippers, freight forwarders, shipowners, freight forwarders, wholesale departments, retailers, packaging companies, land transportation companies, customs, commodity inspection agencies and various other related organizations. With the development of regional international trade, the computer system of the logistics center must be networked with the computer systems of the above-mentioned units in order to collect information about the commercial flow to the port and logistics, logistics, loading and unloading, transportation and warehousing in a timely manner. central. Therefore, the port occupies a core strategic position in the modern logistics system.
3. The port provides value-added services through the logistics system: From the perspective of modern logistics services, the port has a very prominent geographical advantage. In the process of the continuous development of modern logistics, ports can not only provide modern logistics services such as cargo transportation, loading and unloading, and warehousing, but also use its information communication and EDI network to provide services for the market and decision-making. Information required by the user. The port is also a personnel service center, providing trade negotiation conditions, talent supply and seaman services, as well as comfortable living and entertainment spaces to strengthen the integration relationship of the port city. Modern ports can simplify trade and logistics processes through their own location advantages and many functions obtained from them, so that ports can provide less interruption and large value-added in modern logistics nodes.
Features of port logistics:
1. Specialization.
Specialization is the core of the development of foreign port logistics industry. It is mainly to build the core competitiveness of port logistics enterprises, strive to give full play to and reflect their own advantages in the industry, combine the characteristics of port industry layout and scientifically locate foreign business scopes, not to be large. Complete, but to be precise and strong.
2, flexibility.
That is to say, it can produce different products or services to meet the needs of customers, and a focus of logistics services is to meet the individual needs of customers.
3. Scale.
Integrate port logistics resources, reduce logistics costs, and improve port logistics competitiveness.
4. Cooperation.
Port logistics service is a huge systematic project. It adopts cooperative strategic alliances, strengthens cooperation and ties with the hinterland of inland ports and domestic and foreign ports, establishes strategic alliances for port logistics, and increases its market share and competitiveness.
What is the difference between port logistics and airport logistics?
1. The big difference lies in capacity and speed. Air transportation is fast and expensive, so it is usually used to transport goods with high timeliness and high added value, while the transportation speed is slow and low cost, and it is mainly used for large quantities of goods and low added value
2. The destination of air transportation is restricted by on-site conditions (the destination must be an airport)
3. The destination of delivery is relatively unrestricted by on-site conditions, as long as there is a port berth, you can reach the destination
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